Identification of tolerant varieties potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to drought and high temperatures, by means of anatomic and physiological methods
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Abstract
In the last 10 years, the areas dedicated to the potato in Cuba, decreased in a 58 % and the yield in a 21 % in that same period. To have tolerant varieties of potato to the drought and high temperatures is a factor key to increase the production and yield in conditions of stress, objective that we can obtained in a plant breeding program whit progenitors with anatomic and physiological characteristics related with the tolerance to drought and high temperatures. Experiments were developed at Research Institute of Tropical Root and Tuber Crops (INIVIT). Four varieties of potato were evaluated in farm conditions (Atlas, Armada, Everest and Maranca). Were determined the following index: Density and estomatic index, estomatic area, index of esclerofilia, degree of succulence and thermos- stability of the cell membrane. Atlas variety show the lower averages values of density estomatic 102.77 and 322.22 respectively. Esclerofilia's bigger index is in Atlas variety, with 49.65 mg/cm2, besides is the variety that minor relative percentage of damage evidenced to the cell membrane with: 0.4, 59 and 66.5 % to 40, 60 and 80 oC respectively.
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