Establishment of a core collection of maize (Zea mays L.), through the ex situ collection of the crop
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Abstract
In order to establish a core collection, 91 accessions from the maize collection and four commercial varieties (Gíbara, Pajimaca, Victoria y Francisco Mejorado) were sown in plots of 5 rows by accession and 3.5 m long using a No Replicated design. The experiment was carried out in the farm La Amalia, municipality of Boyeros in September 2003 and January 2004. Seventeen descriptors from the ear and the grain were evaluated. The descriptors with the highest variability were chosen and included in the principal components analysis and the cluster analysis, using the first principal components score as input variables for the clustering process. For the classification of the germplasm two aspects were taken into account: the grain type and the geographic origin. The cluster analysis shown the formation of 6 sections and allowed the establishment of the core collection formed by 19 accessions, which represents a 20 %, with the objective of gathering more than the 70 % of the alleles from the base collection in the core collection. The principal stratum was integrated by 16 landraces, because this portion represents the variability of the collection according to the type of grain and they are distributed taking into account the geographic origin as follows: three from the Western, five from the Center and eight from the West. Three commercial varieties were included in the core collection with the goal of the representing several genetics forms used in the Plant Breeding Program.
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