Kinetics of drying of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) flowers
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The aim of this research was to characterize the drying kinetics under controlled conditions of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) flowers. In the process of artificial drying the thermodynamic parameters were 40 °C of temperature and a relative humidity of 55 ± 5 %. The kinetic characterization was carried out starting from the mathematical adjustment of the models: Henderson and Pabis, Approach to the diffusion and the Model Two Terms. The results demonstrated that the adjustment of the pattern Two Terms allowed the characterization of the process of artificial drying of calendula flowers, where the first term of the equation described the dynamics of exit of the free water, while the second it represented the bound one. It was found that a remaining moisture content, in the petals, greater than 15 % was indicative of the presence of free water; therefore, the drying process was continued until reaching values below 12 % and thus avoiding contamination of the dry drug.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Those authors who have publications with this journal accept the following terms of the License Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0):
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
The journal is not responsible for the opinions and concepts expressed in the works, they are the sole responsibility of the authors. The Editor, with the assistance of the Editorial Committee, reserves the right to suggest or request advisable or necessary modifications. They are accepted to publish original scientific papers, research results of interest that have not been published or sent to another journal for the same purpose.
The mention of trademarks of equipment, instruments or specific materials is for identification purposes, and there is no promotional commitment in relation to them, neither by the authors nor by the publisher.
How to Cite
References
AOAC. (1990). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official method of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Disponible en: https://law.resource.org/pub/us/cfr/ibr/002/ aoac.methods.1.1990.pdf.
Avello, L.; Arencibia, R. y Hernández,A. I. (2021). Buenas prácticas agrícolas y de recolección para plantas medicinales en Cuba. Ed. Agroecológica. 74 p. ISBN: 978-959-7248-26-2.
Cruz, D.; Bilbao, O.; Miranda, M.; Ruenes, M.; López, H.; Campos, M.; Tillán, J.; González, M.; Coimbra, M.; Linares, M.; Espronceda, A.; Peña de la Rosa, M.; Hernández, M.; Menéndez, R. y Martín, E. (2017). Formulario Nacional Fitofármacos y Apifármacos. 2da Edición La Habana Cuba. 186 pp. ISBN: 978-959-212-902-3; ISBN: 978-959-313-295-4.
Guiné, R.P.; Fontes, L. y Reis, M. J. (2019). Drying kinetics and mass transfer properties in the drying of thistle flower. Brazil J. Food Technol.22:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.05119
Guo, H. L.; Chen, Y.; Xu,W.; Xu, M.T.; Sun,Y.; Wang, X.C.; Wang, X.Y.; Luo, J.; Zhang, H. y Xiong, Y.K. (2022). Assessment of drying kinetics, textural and aroma attributes of Mentha haplocalyx leaves during the hot air thin-layer drying process. Foods. 11, 784. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11060784
Hernández, Y.O.; Vega, M.; Gordillo, M. C.; Pérez, L. y Duartes, Y. (2021). Caracterización cinética del secado de flores de Matricaria recutita L. (manzanilla). Revista Cubana de Plantas Medicinales. 26 (2): 11p. Disponible en: http://www.revplantasmedicinales.sld.cu/index.php/pla/article/view/38
IBM SPSS. (2004). Statistics Processor. versión 11.5 para Windows. Versión estándar. Dis‐ ponible en: https://ibm-spss-statistics-base.up‐ todown.com/windows
Mahmoud, A. M.; Gahory, A.A.; Salaheldin, S. y Saber, W. (2021). Differences in the aroma Pro‐ file of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) af‐ ter different drying conditions. Sustainability.13: 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095083
Matouk, A.M.; El Kholy, M. M.; Tharwat, A. y Marwa, S. (2016). Drying of pot marigold whole flowers and petals under controlled drying air temperature and relative humidity. J. Soil Sci. Agric Eng.7(2):221-30. http://doi.org/10.21608/ jssae.2016.39372
NRAG-315. (2015). Plantas medicinales. Fru‐ tos y flores desecados. Especificaciones. 9 pp. Disponible en: https://nconline.di‐saic.cu/index.php?page=m_search_norms.publi c.search_norms&Block=Cat%E1logo
Parhizi, Z.; Karami, H.; Golpour, I.; Kaveh, M.; Szymanek, M.; Blanco-Marigorta, A.M.; Marcos, J.D.; Khalife, E.; Skowron, S. y Adnan, N. (2022). Modeling and optimization of energy and exergy parameters of a hybrid-solar dryer for Basil Leaf Drying Using RSM. Sustainability. 14, 8839. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148839
Peng, X.; Zhentao, Z.; Xueyuan, P.; Junling, Y.; Xiaoqiong, L.; Tiejian, Y.; Xiaohan, J.; Yaoyang, L.; Olim, A. y Janar, J. (2022). Study on vacuum drying kinetics and processing of the Lonicera japonica Thunb. aqueous extracts. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 167(113868): 9 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113868
Rodríguez, C. A.; Carballo, C.; Hechevarría, I. y Acosta de la Luz, L. (2005). Ahorro de energía en el secado de plantas medicinales. Revista Cubana de Plantas Medicinales,10 (1). ISSN: 1028-4796.
Salah, D., Khaled, L.; Fashafsha, M.; Mahmoud,M. y Odeh, S. (2020). Drying rates of Calendula Herb and antioxidant test of ascorbic acid. Proyecto de tesis de grado. An-Najah National University. 2 p. Disponible en: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11888/16824
Tarun, B.; Christian, C.; Prieto, M. A.; Rimantas, P.; Daglia, M.; Prasad, H.; Baldi, A.; Mohammed, S.; Gómez, L.; Mahmoud, M.; Campone, L.; Rastrelli, L.; Echave, J.; Mahdi, S. y Cravotto, G. (2022). Effects of different drying techniques on the quality and bioactive compounds of plant- based products: a critical review on current trends. Drying Technology. 24 pp. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2022.2068028
Vega, M.; Ortiz, Y.; Fresneda, J. A.; Morales, M.; Sánchez, Y.; Hernández, Y. O.; Dorado, M.; Torres, M.; Sagayo, I.; González, A. y Estrada, J. (2019). Good Agricultural Practices for Medicinal Plant Production. Editorial INIFAT.100 p. ISBN: 978-959-7223-27-6.
Villalba, J. A. y Arzola de la Peña, N. (2015). Modelos matemáticos y experimentales sobre el secado de biomasa. Revista Ingeniería y Desarrollo. 33(2): 30. http://doi.org/10.14482/inde.33.2.5674
Xu, H.; Wu, M.; Wang, Y.; Wei, W.; Sun, D.; Li, D., Zheng, Z. y Gao, F. (2022). Effect of combined infrared and hot air drying strategies on the quality of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) cakes: Drying Behavior, Aroma Profiles and Phenolic Compounds. Foods. 11, 2240. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11152240