Caracterización e identificación de cepas de los géneros Bacillus, Brevibacillus y Paenibacillus aisladas del suelo con potencialidades para el control biológico de Rhizoctonia solani Kühn
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani Kühn es un hongo fitopatógeno que atacan cultivos de importancia económica provocando disminución en el rendimiento de las cosechas. Para su control se aplican funguicidas químicos que deterioran el medio ambiente y encarecen de forma significativa la producción agrícola. El control biológico, mediante el empleo de microorganismos antagonistas constituye una alternativa ecológica para la protección de las plantas y en este sentido el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo aislar, caracterizar e identificar cepas de Bacillus y otros géneros relacionados con potencialidades para el control biológico de R. solani. Se aislaron las cepas de interés a partir de muestras de suelo mediante dilución y tratamiento térmico. Se determinó el efecto antifúngico de las mismas frente a R. solani mediante enfrentamiento de cultivos duales. Las cepas antagonistas se caracterizaron teniendo en cuenta la producción de enzimas quitinolíticas, metabolitos antifúngicos difusibles y volátiles mediante pruebas de antagonismo in vitro. Las cepas promisorias se identificaron hasta especie empleando pruebas fisiológicas y el minikit API. Se aislaron 85 cepas con características semejantes a las de los géneros Bacillus, Brevibacillus y Paenibacillus. El 20 % de las mismas mostró efecto antagónico frente a R. solani. Todas las cepas antagonistas, excepto dos, produjeron compuestos antifúngicos difusibles que inhibieron en más del 50 % el crecimiento micelial de R. solani. Solo 10 cepas antagonistas produjeron compuestos antifúngicos volátiles y 3 enzimas quitinolíticas. Las cepas consideradas para el control biológico in vivo pertenecen a las especies Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Brevibacillus brevis y Brevibacillus laterosporus.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Those authors who have publications with this journal accept the following terms of the License Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0):
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
The journal is not responsible for the opinions and concepts expressed in the works, they are the sole responsibility of the authors. The Editor, with the assistance of the Editorial Committee, reserves the right to suggest or request advisable or necessary modifications. They are accepted to publish original scientific papers, research results of interest that have not been published or sent to another journal for the same purpose.
The mention of trademarks of equipment, instruments or specific materials is for identification purposes, and there is no promotional commitment in relation to them, neither by the authors nor by the publisher.
How to Cite
References
Asaka, O y Shoda, M (1996). Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani damping-of tomato with Bacillus subtilis RB14. Appl Environ Microbiol; 62: 4081-4085.
Berg, G.; Krechel, A.; Ditz, M.; Sikora, R.; Ulrich, A. y Llaman, J. (2005): Endophytic and ectophytic potato-asociated bacterial communities differ in structure and antagonistic function against plant pathogenic fungi. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 51: 215-229.
Chernin, L.; Ismailov, Z.; Haran, S. y Chet, I. (1995). Chitinolytic Enterobacter agglomerans antagonistic to fungal plant pathogens. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 61: 1720- 1726.
Colombo, C; Sosa, M y Scorza (2004). Evaluación de la termorresistencia en metabolitos antifúgicos producidos por esporulados del género Bacillus. Rev. Soc.Ven. Microbiol; 24: 65- 67.
Edwards, S., B. Seddon (2001). Mode of antagonism of Brevibacillus brevis against Botrytis cinerea in vitro. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 91:652-659.
Faltin, F; Lottmann,J; Groch, R y Berg, G (2004) .Strategy to select and asses antagonistic bacteria for the biological control of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Canadia Journal of Microbiology, 50: 811-820.
Fernández, C. y Juncosa, R. (2002): Biopesticidas: ¿la agricultura del futuro? Phytoma. 141: 14-19.
Fernández.-Larrea O (2001). Microorganismos antagonistas para el control fitosanitario. RevManejo integrado de plagas; 62: 96-100.
Földes, T.; I. Banhegyi; Z. Varga and J. Szageti (2000).Isolatin of Bacillus strains from the rhizosfere of cereals and in vitro screening for antagonism against phytopathogenic, food- borne pathogenic and epoilage microorganisms. Journal of Applied Microbiology,89: 840-845.
Garveba, P., van Veen, J. y J. van Elsas (2003). Predominant Bacillus spp. in agricultural soil onder different management regimes detected via PCR-DGGE. Microbial Ecology, 45: 302- 316.
Huang, C., Wang, T., Chung, S., y Ch. Chen (2005). Identification of an antifungal Chitinase from a Potential Biocontrol Agent, Bacillus cereus 28-9. Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 38: 82-88.
Justo de Oliveira, E.; Ravinivitch; L., Gomes; R., Konovaloff; L., Passos, J. y V. Zahner (2004). Molecular characterization of Brevibacillus laterosporus and its potencial use in biological control. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70: 6657-6664.
Kharbanda, P.; Coleman, R.; Beatty, P.; Jensen, S.; Tewari, J. y J. Yang (2003). Paenibacillus polymyxa strain ATCC 202127 for biocontrol of bacteria and fungi. United States Patent 6602500.
Kim, H., Park, J., Choi, S., Choi, K., Lee, G., Ban, S., Lee, C y C. Kim (2003). Isolation and characterization of Bacillus strains for biological control. The Journal of Microbiology, 47: 196- 201.
Leclere, V., Bechet, M., Adam, A., Guez, J. y B. Wathelet (2005). Mycosubtilin overproduction by Bacillus subtilis BBG100 enhances theorganism’s antagonistic and biocontrol activities. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,:7: 4577–4584.
Lehman, L.; McCoy, R.; Messenger, B.; Manker, D.; Orjala, J.; Lindhard, D. y G. Pamela (2003). Strain of Bacillus for controlling plant diseases. United States Patent 6586231.
Montealegre, J.; Reyes, R.; Pérez, L.M.; Herrera, R.; Silva, P. y Besoain, X. (2003): Selection of bioantagonistic bacteria to be used in biological control of Rhizoctonia solani in tomato. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology ISSN: 0717-3458, Environmental Biotechnology, Vol. 6 No. 2.
Mousa. T (2002). Studies on biological control of sugarbeet pathogen Rhizoctonia solaniKühn. On Line Journal of Bilogical Sciences, 2: 800-804.
Sadfi, N.; Chérit, M.; Fliss, I.; Bondabbous, A. y H. Antoun (2001). Evaluation of bacterial isolates from salty soils and Bacillus thuringiensis strains for the biocontrol of Fusarium dry rot of potato tubers. Jornual of Plant Pathology; 83: 101-118.
Sneath, P. (1986). Endospore-forming Gram-positive rods and cocci. En: Bergey´s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Vol 2. Edit. Sneath, P.; Mair, N.; Sharpe, M y Holt, J. p: 1104-1207. Baltimore: William & Wilkins.
Talbot, M. y Larking, R. (2005): Efficacy of several potential biocontrol organisms against Rhizoctonia solani on potato. Crop Protection. 24: 939-950.
Yoshida, S; Hiradate, Tsukamoto; T, Hatakeda, K y Shirata, A (2001). Antimicrobial activity of culture filtrate of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RC2 isolated from mulberry leaves. Biological Control; 91: 181-187.