Effect of in vitro salinity on the germination of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
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Abstract
One of the species whose production can be negatively affected by salinity is the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), due to its low tolerance to salts present in water and soil. Over the past ten years, salinity caused by sodium chloride (NaCl) has had the most detrimental impact on the productivity of this crop. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salinity on the germination of seeds from two varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Seeds from the CULL-156 and CC-25-9R varieties, originating from the municipality of Imías in the province of Guantánamo, were germinated in Petri dishes on filter paper, with 20 seeds per dish. Seven treatments were applied using different NaCl concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, and 200 mM L⁻¹), with distilled water used as the control. Simulated saline stress conditions only affected seed germination at the 200 mM concentration. The most significant reduction in hypocotyl and radicle length was observed at 150 mM and 200 mM. Overall, the CULL-156 and CC-25-9R varieties can be considered promising under saline conditions, both in terms of germination and early developmental stages. This finding may be useful for Plant Breeding Programs and for cultivation under adverse environmental conditions.
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