Evaluación de la respuesta de cultivares de Allium sativum L. en condiciones in vitro de estrés salino
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Abstract
The species Allium sativum L. (garlic) originates from cold regions and has adapted to the tropical climate. This species is a phytogenetic resource to be conserved in these regions. In Cuba, there are cultivars obtained by genetic improvement and traditional cultivars conserved by producers. However, there is no evidence that these varieties are able to tolerate the effects of soil salinization. The objective of this study was to determine the response of A. sativum cultivars to in vitro conditions of saline stress referring to the salinity levels existing in the soils of western Cuba. This study evaluated the growth of seedlings of the cultivars ʻCriolloʼ, ʻTrocha 1ʼ, ʻVencedor 3ʼ and ʻClon 6ʼ under seven salinity levels. We also analyzed foliar morphological characters and the root system through stress indices and total chlorophyll concentration. The morphological characters of the growth of the root system were the most affected by the conditions of saline stress. It was concluded that the evaluated cultivars are in the tolerance range described for the species. The stress indices allowed to detect the cultivar ʻCriolloʼ as the most susceptible to saline stress. The cultivar ʻTrocha 1ʼ is the one with the highest tolerance to saline stress, based on its total chlorophyll production and the response of the morphological characters. It is necessary to guarantee the in situ and ex situ conservation of this species in view of the future increase in salinity in the soils.
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