Inferences about the migration and domestication of the Capsicum genus (peppers) in Cuba
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Abstract
The possible domestication process was studied that suffered the species of Capsicum in Cuba and its localization in America before and after the Conquest, with the intention of clarifying the probable routes of migration of the taxa of Capsicum toward the Island in these two times. It was verified that in Cuba it is present the Capsicum annuum-chinense-frutescens complex, with wide distribution through the whole territory. The route of common migration for the three species, it supposed that it was from South America-West Indies, in the case of C. annuum it was possibly introduced after the Conquest with it is about slaves from the Bahamas Islands and Florida, it is also considered, the probable arrival to the Island of C. chinense from the Yucatan. The migration of C. frutescens should have happened from the Caribbean Islands. Evidences that suppose exist that the cv. ´Chile Habanero´ (C. chinense cultivated) have been introduced to the Continent from the Island. The species have been introduced to the Island with some domestication level and to continue this process independently of the forms that made origin themselves. An interesting variability has been developed starting from the human and natural selection and the adaptation to the natural conditions, with 39 different cultivars presence of peppers at the present time.
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