Influence of the conservation method on morphological and metabolic characteristics of Azotobacter sp. strains
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Abstract
The genus Azotobacter is notable for exhibiting characteristics as a plant growth promoter, which can be affected if its strains are not properly preserved. Not all institutions have access to long-term conservation methods; therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of preservation alternatives on the morphological and metabolic characteristics of three strains of this bacterial genus. The microorganisms were preserved in distilled water at 5°C and in 30% glycerol at -20 °C. After one year, the three strains maintained their cultural and morphotintorial characteristics, although those preserved in water showed less biomass. The strains also demonstrated potential for atmospheric nitrogen fixation and the release of indolic compounds. The production of lytic enzymes (amylases, proteases, and lipases) differed for each microorganism, but only for the INIFAT-20 strain it depended on the conservation method. Due to its antagonistic activity against Fusarium chlamydosporum and Alternaria sp., strain INIFAT-12 stood out, although for the second pathogen strain INIFAT-20 also stood out, always with better results for the strain preserved in sterile distilled water. The growth-stimulating potential of the genus in tomato cultivation was demonstrated, although indicators such as root length and stem diameter showed differences depending on the preservation method for strains INIFAT-21 and INIFAT-12, respectively. In conclusion, the conservation method influences the morphological characteristics and growth-promoting action of Azotobacter strains, making it possible to preserve them at -20 °C using 30 % glycerol as a cryoprotectant for one year with good results in terms of their stability as plant growth promoters.
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