Morphological characterization of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars under NaCl-induced salinity stress
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Abstract
The development of salt-tolerant plants requires a complex genetic improvement process, making it urgent to evaluate the available germplasm to identify genotypes with good performance under salt stress. This study aimed to characterize the response of three commercial pepper cultivars (Capsicum annuum L.) subjected to salinity stress induced by NaCl during the germination phase. Seeds of three cultivars (´Español-16´, ´Tropical CW-3´, and ´Verano-1´) were germinated in Petri dishes with saline solutions of 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl. Sterile distilled water was used as control. The evaluated variables included hypocotyl and radicle length, plant height, fresh mass, and total dry mass. Data were processed using two-factor ANOVA, and differences between the means were compared with the least significant difference test (p ≤ 0.05). Growth inhibition was calculated based on fresh and dry mass, regression equations were applied, and the Relative Tolerance Index was estimated for each indicator. The results showed that morphological variables were significantly affected, with differences between cultivars and treatments. The ´Verano - 1´ cultivar showed the best performance under salinity, and radicle length was identified as a possible indicator for the early selection of tolerant genotypes.
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